Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programs in Indian Juvenile Centers

I. The emergence of juvenile centers in india

Children suspected of being involved in a crime can only be arrested and cannot be detained by any law enforcement officer. However, minors between 16 and 18 who have committed severe crimes can be treated and prosecuted as adults. A minor who breaks the law must appear before the Juvenile Justice Council, which is chaired by a judge and includes two members of social workers. The social workers of the Juvenile Justice Council aim to treat the minor with interest and concern for her future.

In 2016, a research claimed that nearly a fifth of children resides in India². According to United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), in India, one in five people is between the ages of 10 and 19, making it the most significant number of adolescents worldwide. Moreover, with each passing year, these numbers increase rapidly. The child's future is shaped by their inner and outer environment and pathological psychological components within the individual. Due to overcrowding, poverty and various other reasons, nearly 40% of the youth in India are in trouble or at risk of leading an everyday life.

According to the authorities, there are around 4,000 detainees in Delhi jails who may be minors as of June 2019. Placing minors in adult Centers often has adverse effects. Minors can commit more severe crimes and avoid the suspicion of adult criminals. They are also exposed to conditions in which inmates commit crimes and violence against each other. Children in Centers are forced to recognize violence as a way of life and quickly pick up the anti-social spirit that is present there. They are also more likely to experience physical or sexual assault in prison. Other convicts are involved in torture, prison guards and authorities in positions of authority. A child's perception of individuality and self-esteem can be destroyed, leading them to despise society and bureaucracy. This can exacerbate her sense of alienation and reduce her desire to follow social norms.

According to the National Crime Records Bureau, teenage crimes are increasing. The number of crimes committed by minors in 2001, 16,509, increased to 25,125 in 2011, an increase of 65.7 per cent in a decade. It reported 31,973 crimes committed by teenagers in 2012, up from 27,541 in 2002. The total number of juvenile arrests in 2016 was 44,171. The following year the number rose to 60,160, and in 2018 it rose to 65,452. In India, there are approximately 815 Juvenile homes, with 1.7 million minors in need of rehabilitation. According to 2011 state-by-state juvenile crime data, Madhya Pradesh has the highest number of juvenile crimes, with 4,997, followed by Maharashtra with 4,775. Across the country, a total of 31170 cases were registered against juveniles (page 21) in 2021, showing a 4.7% increase over 2020, when the number of cases was 29,768. A majority of them — 76.2% or 28,539 in absolute terms — were in the 16 to 18 age group. Crime rate among juveniles had also gone up from 6.7% to 7.0%. The 2011 Population Census put the child population of the country at 4441.5 lakhs. Which means according to the latest NCRB report, seven out of 100 juveniles in the country were involved in some criminal activity. In all, 37,444 juveniles were apprehended. Of these 32,654 were taken in under sections of the Indian Penal Code, and 4790 under state and local laws.

To reduce recidivism among juvenile offenders in the country, the Prison Commission of India (1919-1920) advocated the creation of a separate prison for boys, the establishment of remand homes, proper provisions for childcare in preventive detention, as well as the establishment of juvenile courts with a flexible and informal approach. In 1986, the Juvenile Justice Act was passed in Parliament to provide for juvenile justice management, focusing on rehabilitating juvenile offenders. The Apprenticeship Act of 1850 states that teenagers between the age of 10 and 18 should receive vocational training while rehabilitating. This was the first child-related legislation in India. The Juvenile Justice Act 2000 came into being to ensure developmentally appropriate care, protection, and treatment of juvenile offenders, adopt a "child-friendly approach" while courting trials, and rehabilitate them properly. The Juvenile Justice Act 2000 contains provisions regarding institutional and non-institutional rehabilitation approaches. (Gupta, Ankita, 2011)

India's Juvenile Justice (Child Care and Protection) Act 2000 mandates the establishment of youth homes in all Indian states. An Asian Center for Human Rights report indicates that in March 2012, the Ministry of Women and Child Development assisted 733 families.

II. Indian juvenile prisons: a correction centre or place of punishment

According to a convincing study on the situation in children's homes across the country, more than 40% of juvenile offenders in India are housed in conditions "similar to or worse than" in adult prisons. Suspects or perpetrators under the age of 18, known as "children" in the eyes of the law, have an opportunity for rehabilitation. The country's juvenile justice laws require that they be held in private homes rather than adult prisons, where they can be rehabilitated. From the data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), about 33,887 children under the age of 18 were arrested in 2012. By the National Crime Records Bureau, the number increased by 142% between 2002 and 2012.

Article 9 of the law allows the construction of special homes to rehabilitate minors who have violated the law. Any State Government may build and manage a private home in each region or group of districts as required to receive and rehabilitate kids in violation of this act, either independently or in collaboration with nonprofit organisations. Let's say the State Government decides that a building not created or maintained in accordance with paragraph (1) is appropriate for housing children who are breaking the law and should be covered by this act. It may then certify the establishment in question as a private house for the purposes of this legislation.

So many care and punishment centers for minors, in charge of rehabilitating precarious conditions, are a great deception and a total disregard for a child's safety. Instead of tending to the emotional needs of children in need, young people are being beaten and humiliated in many correctional institutions. The problem is prevalent in many institutes in Delhi. The situation of minors in Indian Centers is appalling and appalling. Whether in Rajasthan or Haryana, most children, especially women, were rescued after escaping from correctional facilities due to sheer ignorance and outrageous personal treatment.

Children's homes have a harmful perception throughout the country. In 2013, "India's Hell Holes: Child Sexual Assault in Juvenile Justice Homes," a report by the Asian Center for Human Rights (ACHR) states, "It will not be an exaggeration to state that the role of juvenile justice has become a hell in India where there are young inmates subjected to sexual abuse, exploitation, torture and mistreatment, as well as being forced to live in subhuman conditions." The study details 39 cases of serial sexual abuse of minors in juvenile justice facilities such as government-run foster homes, shelter homes, orphanages, and children's homes.

Rehabilitation System at Juvenile Prisons

The main issue in detaining a minor in violation of the law is to help him or her comprehend and feel remorse for the offence committed. The youngster may be freed on probation following the Juvenile Justice Board's imposed confinement. The reintegration of the Juvenile into society requires excellent care. The rehabilitation of a kid in dispute with the law must consider his or her age and physical and psychological composition. Childcare institutions and social welfare organisations collaborate with government nodal authorities to discover constructive solutions to juvenile rehabilitation. To guarantee that the Ministry of Women and Child Development establishes these Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).

Based on innovative techniques for handling juvenile offenders, the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders identified three types of juvenile justice systems:

1. The due procedural model,

2. The social welfare model,

3. The participatory process models

The first model is predicated on the equality principle, the importance of law and legal processes, and preliminary trials that are conducted by qualified attorneys. In the second model, administrators and "help services" specialists make the most crucial choices while focusing on economic and social fairness through state and social welfare planning. To properly create a system to control and protect children, the issue with the first two major models must be fixed. The third model solves the problems as the juvenile justice can be implemented more effectively at the national level, with increased citizen involvement in local conflict containment or resolution and less interference from the existing state's centralised power structure.

The rehabilitation process begins the moment the offender contacts the police officer. A teen going through a tough time will often want to get out of it, too. If his first encounter with the police is pleasant and understanding, he will likely be more receptive to the treatment he will receive. If the officer controls the circumstances and himself, the children's attitude will eventually disappear, making the officer's job much simpler. It is well known that police officers must behave and handle events delicately. He points out that the police must be lenient, favourable and non-aggressive towards the event. The police have a crucial role in reducing juvenile delinquency. The main areas of the police dealing with minors are the following: detection, investigation of delinquency, disposition of the case, protection of minors, and prevention of delinquency. The Supreme Court and various High Courts of India play a crucial role in developing the juvenile justice system in India. The lower courts hear cases involving juvenile offenders early, but trends in the judicial focus on juvenile offenders are reflected in rulings by the Supreme Court and several higher courts. Juvenile Justice Courts/Councils have a legislative and constitutional obligation to deal with minors who break the law.

While adolescents are held accountable for breaking the law and placed in juvenile homes or other appropriate correctional institutions for crime prevention, their primary goal is rehabilitation. A psychiatric assessment of the incident's crime and the factors that contributed to it, engagement in yoga, therapeutic support, skill development, and other mental development exercises are all included in the rehabilitation method. Rehabilitation was impossible due to government funding restrictions, but "cost-effective multi-modal rehabilitation programmes" for children emerged as a result of the engagement of several NGOs and social workers.

Although, the Ministry of Home Affairs' Model Prison Manual repeats the old notion that rehabilitation is at the heart of our criminal justice procedure. It neglects the system's lack of comprehension of reformation. It ignores the fundamental causes of crime, the essence of reformation, and its way. Incentives such as early release, remission, and parole are provided as prizes for positive conduct in prison, with the ultimate purpose of the correctional system in mind. Rehabilitating a minor empowers and facilitates reintegration into society following release from jail. As a result, rehabilitation efforts must go beyond simply providing occupational training and education.

III. Research objective

• Understanding the rehabilitation of Indian Juvenile,
• Study the importance of laws and actions in crime control in India,
• To track the effectiveness of rehabilitation in Indian Juvenile prison,
• Understanding the condition of Juveniles in Prisons.

IV. Methodology

The presented study is a qualitative research based on secondary data collected from Crime Report India, the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Government of India, the National Crime Records Bureau and other published documents. In the current analysis, the details of the rehabilitation process, as well as the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process among Juvenile, has been evaluated. The history of Juvenile and the condition of Juvenile Centers in India is also briefly presented, using secondary data obtained from various sources in India.

V. Research evidence

The below-mentioned data highlights the loopholes in the current Rehabilitation system for not just Juveniles but also adult offenders in India. Various authors in their study demand urgent reforms in the Rehabilitation system and suggest path-breaking ideas to improve the condition of adult and juvenile prisons. Further, reducing recidivism among offenders.

In the context of juvenile incarceration in adult prisons, Redding (2003) highlights the challenges faced by juveniles in such facilities. The author argues that adult Centers are not rehabilitative environments for juvenile offenders due to the prevalence of violence, fear, and inadequate living conditions. emphasizes the need for tailored programming and addressing the developmental, emotional, and mental health needs of juveniles

Attitudes towards prisoners play a crucial role in the success of rehabilitation programs and the reintegration of prisoners into society. Kjelsberg et al. (2007) conducted a comparative study to investigate the attitudes towards prisoners among prison inmates, prison employees, and college students. The study emphasizes the significance of positive attitudes towards prisoners in achieving successful rehabilitation outcomes. Furthermore, the author emphasize that the attitudes held by the general public and prison employees towards prisoners are crucial in determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. The study suggests that educational programs and the dissemination of factual information can influence these attitudes

John J. (2008) conducted a study based on experimental techniques to determine the considerable improvements in mental health that a life skills development program may bring to adolescents in juvenile homes. This research demonstrates that just institutionalisation and vocation-based training are insufficient to develop a juvenile's abilities for dealing with life's challenges. It attempts to draw the attention of Kerala's social welfare department to the need to instil life skills teaching in juvenile homes, not only to enhance juveniles' mental health but also to empower them with the required skills to face life's problems.

In the study by Meghna Dasgupta (2010) on "Rehabilitation through Education for Juveniles in Conflict with Law" stated that the Juvenile Justice Act's implementation has been hampered by significant infrastructure impediments, which have hampered the whole system's delivery mechanism. Initiatives to reform the system were conducted irregularly and lasted only a short time. The major stumbling obstacle, however, continues to be the views of Juvenile Justice officials. Suggests identifying the duties of several departments, such as education, labour, health, and law, and guaranteeing that rehabilitation channels are correctly defined and effectively established. Following that, the various departments should work together to offer the holistic rehabilitation of juveniles. An appropriate monitoring structure can be in place to analyse the efficiency of these children's rehabilitation. The research concludes that even if all of the infrastructures are in place, things can only improve with the collaboration and sensitisation of the individuals involved.

S.N. Ravi (2010) critically examined what Juvenile Rehabilitation Programs are and if they are adequate for juvenile delinquents' rehabilitation. Ultimately, this research paper will focus on 'Judiciary and Juvenile'. The article concluded by highlighting the lack of expertise in dealing with juveniles. However, appreciate the constant efforts of the government.

Ankita Gupta (2011) critiques the Juvenile Justice Act (Care and Protection), 2000. The author highlights that although there have been some improvements throughout the ages, this act has many shortcomings. The reality is that any regulation must evolve in line with society and global trends. This is where the act falls short. On the surface, the act appears to be well-intentioned, but it does not take a comprehensive approach. The age of minors is a significant gap in the statute. Study shows that in today's world, there is an increasing number of reports of minors committing terrible crimes such as murder, sexual assault, and rape. Rules developed by the relevant authorities have addressed many provisions in the act. It is suggested that apart from raising awareness of the issue and guaranteeing the efficient functioning of the relevant agencies, the law must be intended to address society's challenges and difficulties. Therapeutic jurisprudence, which is the research of the significance of the law as a therapeutic agent, must be utilised to strengthen the juvenile justice system and guarantee that children receive the most incredible possible supervision and care, according to the researcher.

Kaustubh Rote (2014) researched on "Prison Reform and Social Change in India," the researchers discussed the need to transform the prevailing prison system. According to the paper, jails are becoming overcrowded due to a rise in the percentage of pre-trial prisoners. Although they are presumed innocent until proven, they are held in conditions far worse than actual jails. The issue with overcrowded Centers is that there is no distinction between delinquents from serious offenders, which may impact the minds of others, proving harmful to society.

Tanu Priya (2014) discussed that the purpose of punishment is to change the individual into a better person who will not commit the crime again. This approach is beneficial not only to the offender but also to society and the state. The author states that the crime is being committed due to external influences or societal pressures that cause an individual to act out of proportion and thus commit a crime. Punishment is given to transform the offender himself, not for the benefit of others, so it is critical to tailor it to the offender's needs, including therapy and counselling. The article also discusses sociology and the need to develop social conditions for criminals to refrain from using such tactics.

N.G. Devarmani (2016) outlines the children who require care and protection and who, if not addressed, will cause significant social damage soon. Despite several issues with correctional administration, this paper indicates different treatment options for juveniles in India. Correctional Institutions should be viewed as hospitals, with people who need care and protection as patients. Fair treatment is required to enable him or her to reintegrate into society. The findings state that the most urgent requirement of the moment is to understand the factors that contribute to it and to devise a strategy for preventing delinquency by conquering the factors that lead to it. Adequate suggests that well-trained personnel must be hired to handle rising demand and address outstanding issues.

G. N. Sadasivan (2016) considered the challenges related to correction and rehabilitation in Indian settings. This may indicate the underlying problem and the solution the author alludes to at the end. The study states that crime is no longer believed to be effectively abolished or managed through the severe punishment of criminals. As a result, the author urges to focus on fighting and preventing crime through the reform and rehabilitation of offenders.

Sanjukta Das (2016) attempted to define the conceptual framework for a comprehensive intervention program aimed at the rehabilitation of minors. Psychoeducation, music therapy, psychodrama and cognitive behavioural therapy and cognitive retraining are used to improve optimism, self-expression and emotional control, as well as increase adaptive executive functioning. Starting with group therapy, the program will gradually shift to an individual approach to meet each child's unique requirements.

Elizabeth M., Tiampati (2017) conducted research at the Kirigiti and Dagoreti rehabilitation Centers. This study analysed the psychosocial variables that influence juvenile delinquency among adolescent girls. The research uses a descriptive survey sample design, including 78 women who received rehabilitation at rehabilitation Centers in Kirigiti and Dagoreti. A systematic questionnaire and a focus group conversation with social workers were used to obtain the primary data. The demographic details of the participants were analysed with frequencies and percentages, while the data on psychosocial aspects were analysed with content analysis. According to the study, all women are equally likely to commit crimes, whether they reside with one or both parents, father or mother. Peer influence, truancy, and suicide attempts were examples of behaviours that, while not crimes, indicate a need for parental care and protection of people, anger and conflict management skills. To deal with juvenile delinquency, the report suggests that rehabilitation centre administrators devise correction techniques involving parents and guardians. The report also notes a more girl-friendly atmosphere, with increased access to secondary education, permanent counsellors and recreational services at the Centers.

P. Gauri, U. Shrikrishna (2017) studied about the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 2015. It focuses on analysing the working of the proposed law regarding children in conflict with the law. The aim was to analyse the Juvenile Justice Act critically. It was concluded that it is necessary to introduce new and reformed Juvenile policies to the government in India.

Mehta, S. (2017) states that rehabilitation is a slow and subtle process that begins when an offender is convicted and continues until he or she is reintegrated into society, according to the research paper "Recent Scenario of Criminal Justice and Rehabilitation in India." Reform, Re-socialize, or Re-make are the three Rs guiding the rehabilitation process. The paper specialises in minors' rehabilitation because it is believed that children do not commit crimes out of malice but rather due to external factors.

Agarwal, D. (2018) states that this study aims to examine the reasons for juvenile delinquency and the explanations offered by experts from other professions to explain the problem. According to statistics data available on government websites, adolescents are becoming more involved in horrific crimes. To address the issue of juvenile crime in India, the Juvenile Delinquency Act was revised, and children accused of grave offences are now tried as adults. It is a severe worry for the country, and solutions to the matter must be addressed with great care. In response to these tendencies, the Indian judicial system and court have changed the rules governing juvenile justice in India.

Dr D. Pubalin, and Prof. S.P.K Jena (2018), in their research "The Need for Behavioural Rehabilitation in Centers among Youth", state there is a minimal possibility to provide a corrective experience is utterly lost in our system, which views time as a punishment process and believes that nothing works. That is most emphatically not the case. The current criminal justice system serves as a breeding environment for converting minor offenders into permanent ones. This also assists them in becoming a member of the criminal environment, where there is little option for self-correction. The most significant shortcoming of this system is the lack of opportunity for change in our society's attitude and conduct. There is a need to comprehend the existing Centers and rehabilitation systems. Also, based on their secondary research, the author suggested Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for young offenders, which is expected to be helpful.

A.R. Pavitra (2019) studied the rehabilitation of juveniles, studying the relevance of legislation and acts in controlling the offence, and knowing the forms of rehabilitation relevant to children in conflict with the law in India are the study's objectives. The facts studied in this research are from secondary data gathered from different sources. This research concludes with the loopholes in the Indian Juvenile System and further suggests adequate solutions for the same.

Dr. Kiran R. Naik (2019) investigated the problem of prisoners in India. This study aimed to analyse the concerns of the prison administration, as well as the work and opinions of prison staff. Inmate litigation and specialised areas of inmate rights; privatisation in prisons; Prison activities, operations, administration, socialisation and subcultures are discussed in more detail in the document. The final chapter examines the future of Centers and their concerns, focusing on drug laws, overcrowding, racism, inmate rights, prison behaviour, prison industries, additional prison programs, and prison functions. Prison professionals. Based on the findings, Centers are likely to continue in the future as they have since their origin.

G. Shalini, B. Sant Baba (2020) stated that the purpose of rehabilitation is to reintegrate a prisoner into society. According to the article, society is also accountable for a specific individual's behaviour in some situations. Thus, remedial action must be made to guarantee the reintegration of criminals into society. The article goes on to say that not all criminals should be treated the same and that a broad spectrum of wrongdoers must be dealt on individual basis. Planning and a personalised approach to therapy will aid in producing positive results.

Chandini Pegu (2020) researched to determine the critical risk factors for juvenile relapse into juvenile facilities and to intervene to reduce recidivism among juvenile offenders. The study discovered that effective rehabilitation programs for adolescent offenders lower the rate of recidivism. The work is descriptive, relying on secondary sources of information. This research will help researchers better understand the background characteristics contributing to juvenile offenders' recidivism in India. It will also be effective in avoiding recidivism among young offenders in the country and serve as a means of updating the literature on the subject.

Wanglar, E. (2021) aimed to identify the many obstacles and challenges that stand in the way of effective juvenile recovery. The research was conducted in twenty childcare Centers in four districts in Manipur: Churachandpur, Ukhrul, Imphal East, and Imphal West. The researcher used the exploratory study method and deliberately took samples from forty employees. Information was collected through semi-structured observation and interview techniques. The study results reveal several problems and challenges in childcare institutions regarding child rehabilitation, including the inefficiency of childcare Centers, poor physical infrastructure, lack of professional and trained staff, vocational training, outdated life skills, and a dysfunctional child-parent relationship and system.

VI. Key findings

• Focusing on children in conflict with the law and the necessity of a rehabilitative strategy for them is essential.
• Most of the time, minors commit crimes due to mental or emotional problems, instability, poverty, or other external conditions. They may lack the mental capacity to comprehend the seriousness of the act or the repercussions of their actions.
• As a result, their existence is in jeopardy, lowering society's quality of life. If adolescents or juveniles are kept around criminals after committing crimes, it will alter their thinking and turn them into criminals.
• It is necessary to modify and upgrade Juvenile Justice System as per the current condition of minors.
• Before rehabilitating any child in conflict with the law, it is crucial to habilitate them, provide them with adequate love, care, and protection, and fulfil basic living needs.

VII. Discussion

"Hate the crime, not the criminals," remarked Mahatma Gandhi.

People are not born criminals; they become criminals due to external influences that impact their decision to commit crimes. Those external causes might be anything, and society can sometimes assist in bringing those other forces into play. However, as crime has progressed and the Indian Judicial System has evolved, the rehabilitation strategy has opened up new possibilities and improved offenders' conduct. Recidivism among juvenile offenders is a much less well-known topic in India. However, it has only recently emerged as a major problem for the Indian juvenile justice system and society. Recognising the risk factors that promote juvenile recidivism can help to better address the issue by incorporating effective rehabilitative measures. Intervening in the problem of juvenile recidivism is also crucial because juveniles' anti-social behaviour does not last into adulthood. While intervening in the problem, the adequacy of the correctional programmes implemented by various correctional agencies and institutions for offenders can also be determined. Prior research has also shown that if effective intervention is not provided, juvenile delinquents mature into serious adult criminals. Everyone should be given a chance to reform, and the root of the crime should be discovered, allowing offenders to avoid repeating their mistakes. As a result, it may be inferred that the existing strategy of punishing criminals has to alter. Children and teenagers are frequently moldable and can be rehabilitated to change their maladaptive attitudes, behaviours, and emotions into adaptive ones. Since it is understood that individual engaged in criminal activities since early age are more prone to become dangerous and chronic offenders later in life, this can prevent future crimes and reduce further social ills. The rehabilitation strategy will benefit the community and the offender by allowing them to make up for their mistakes.

There is a strong need for methodologically advanced treatment efficacy studies that are more exact in their characterisation of violence and either primarily target or undertake separate analyses for aggressive adolescents. However, as the program design and assessment research improve, psychiatrists' ability to make meaningful conclusions regarding the success of treatments for violent adolescents will improve. Psychologists can play a significant role in the progress and improvement of public policies by -

(a) repeating the study results of promising prevention and intervention strategies,

(b) specifying the conditions and populations with which these interventions perform great, and (c) clarifying the distinctive features and different typologies of violent youths,

(d) investigating particular early risk and buffering variables that promote or prevent future violent conduct,

(e) establishing more reliable and valid risk assessment methods.

The literature on rehabilitation programs in Indian juvenile Centers highlights the importance of systematic and organized programs in transforming offenders and facilitating their successful reintegration into society. Positive attitudes towards prisoners, both among prison employees and the general public, are crucial for the effectiveness of these programs. Tailored programming and addressing the specific needs of juvenile offenders are essential in ensuring their rehabilitation. However, challenges such as limited resources and societal attitudes towards prisoners can hinder the effectiveness of these programs. The literature review shows that there is no such documented and evidence-based current successful program on the Indian subcontinent. As a result, an Integrated Intervention Program aimed at preventing and rehabilitating juvenile delinquency has been developed. As a result, the suggested Integrated Intervention Program can help to make an excellent social contribution.

VIII. Conclusion

Children are a nation's most precious possession; They are humanity's greatest gift. Children represent the country's future human resources, potential and usefulness. Children are innocent, defenceless and trusting. Like a plant, a child needs shelter, sustenance, and a suitable environment to mature into a great, fruitful tree. Sections 15, 24, 39(e), 39(f), 47 and 51a of the Indian Constitution express concern about children, with particular reference to Article 39(e), it states that "the state is the guardian of strength and stability children". As a result, students must be provided with basic facilities and an environment where they can become responsible and valuable persons for the nation. For the harmonious and comprehensive development of the child so that they can grow in a loving atmosphere, surrounded by joy, affection and understanding.

The main objective covered in the last part of the article is the rehabilitation and reintegration of the child into society, including adoption, foster care, foster care, and transfer of the child to a postnatal care agency. Interventions with minors have limited empirical literature. Moreover, it does not directly answer whether the scientific data justify involvement with aggressive minors. There is no one way to deal with these children. However, preliminary data suggest that some integrative therapies may be effective. The goal is to restore children's dignity and self-confidence to return to everyday family life. Every child in the country has a legal right and is entitled to a share of public funds for the development of their personality.

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IX. References

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