Abstract

Climate change affects all areas of the Earth, with oceans experiencing significant impacts causing irreversible alterations in marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and coastal communities. The oceans, which absorb around 90% of the excess heat from global warming, are facing rising temperatures, acidification, and shifting currents, all of which disrupt marine life. This article examines the diverse impacts of climate change on the oceans, including the degradation of vital ecosystems like coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, which are crucial for carbon storage, coastal protection, and biodiversity. It also looks at the consequences of rising sea levels, marine heatwaves, and the loss of marine species on both the environment and the human populations that rely on the oceans for food, livelihoods, and cultural heritage. With insights from current research and international policies, the article highlights the iminent need for global collaboration and innovative solutions to handle these challenges and protect the health of the oceans, which are central to the Earth's climate system and the future well-being of humanity.

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