Abstract

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors have gained significant attraction in the realm of international finance, shaping investment decisions and corporate strategies. This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of ESG integration in the global arena, aiming to shed light on its multifaceted dimensions and implications. This paper explores about the undertakings of United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) with an objective to secure a sustained future, economic growth and social welfare and focuses on five key areas – people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership. Secondly, the research delves into different ESG approaches of various countries such as the American Approach, then the ESG through a European Eye, ESG perspectives in India and Africa, challenges associated with ESG measurement and reporting on a global scale. It analyses the diverse methodologies and metrics by stakeholders to assess ESG performance, highlighting the complexities of standardization and comparability across jurisdictions and industries. Drawing on empirical evidence and case studies, it elucidates the correlation between strong ESG practices and long-term value creation, while also acknowledging the measures by pro and anti ESG states, various regulations, guidelines, and conduct. Lastly, the paper discusses the role of stakeholders, including governments, investors, corporations, and civil society, in advancing the ESG agenda on a global scale. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and dialogue in fostering sustainable development and addressing pressing socio-environmental challenges.

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