Abstract

Women hold a distinctive place in every society and nation across the globe. Despite their valuable contributions in various fields, they often endure hardships quietly and remain part of a disadvantaged group due to numerous social, cultural, and institutional barriers. In male-dominated societies, women continue to face oppression, suppression, exploitation, and victimization. According to a United Nations report, although women make up half of the world’s population and contribute nearly two-thirds of total working hours, they earn only a tenth of the world’s income and possess less than one percent of the global property. Discrimination and exploitation against women persist even today. Although many laws have been enacted to safeguard women's rights, weak implementation has allowed ongoing exploitation. In response to these legislative shortcomings, the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court of India, has actively stepped in to protect women's rights. Through judicial activism, the Court has dismantled procedural hurdles and transformed constitutional litigation. It has adopted a broad and progressive interpretation of legislative provisions to ensure maximum protection for women. The Supreme Court has shown particular commitment to fulfilling its legal and constitutional duties by adapting to evolving social challenges and prioritizing the protection of women’s rights.

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