Abstract

Ocean being the most beautiful resource of the world and has been admired from the ancient period. And marine biodiversity playing a vital role in balancing the economic This paper discusses on how the contemporary issues of overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change pose serious challenges to its preservation. For example, Bluefin Tuna is a fish which is considered as a most expensive one. In Japan this is sold for the food sushi. This one fish can grow for 1500 pounds, which can make around $45000 per day. And being the most eaten dish of the country which make the demand in fish market. So, because of these fishers are starting to do overfishing in Atlantic Ocean which makes the sustainability for the sea creatures hard. Even when there are many solutions under the international legal domain. There are many frameworks like United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), but still there are many gaps for international law needs to fill and the major one is the national jurisdiction. This paper deals with the evolving legal solutions for the protection of the marine environment in international law like BBNJ agreement and other instruments. Through a study of existing legal frameworks, case studies, and existing literature, this research relates key challenges, including jurisdictional conflicts, weak enforcement mechanisms, and the lack of global cooperation. The paper argues about the emergency need for the strong policy reforms and at developing legal protections and promoting sustainable development practices. This research highlights the importance of a consistent, collective approach for protecting marine biodiversity for future generations.

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