An Analyses of Legal Framework Relating to Cyber Risk in Maritime Industry

Information and communication technologies (ICT), artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, big data, the internet of things, and other so-called end-to-end digital technologies are actively used in all facets of life, including maritime transportation, which is one of the key features of the modern world. An appropriate legal framework that can ensure cybersecurity in maritime transport is currently a challenge for the practical implementation of information technologies and autonomous vessels in the maritime industry. The cybersecurity concerns of maritime vessels' marine transport infrastructure facilities receive minimal attention1. Due to a lack of international collaboration and a common approach to the conceptual framework of cybersecurity, there is currently no appropriate legal framework for governing this field. Cyberattacks on ships will inevitably become the rule rather than the exception as hackers' strategies get more sophisticated. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of cyber-security frameworks and a classification of cyberattacks in the maritime industry. It also aims to identify the most effective approaches to enhance the current cyber security protection.