Abstract

Violence against women and children remains a deeply rooted global issue, cutting across geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic boundaries. This paper examines the root causes and far-reaching consequences of such violence, with an emphasis on understanding its structural, social, and individual dimensions by exploring factors such as entrenched patriarchy, economic dependency, systemic institutional failures, and inadequate legal protections. The study highlights how these elements perpetuate cycles of abuse and hinder effective intervention. The paper further investigates the consequences of violence, including physical harm, psychological trauma, economic instability, and its intergenerational impact on families and societies. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, the analysis also evaluates the limitations of existing legal frameworks, policy initiatives, and societal responses. Drawing on national and international data, case studies, and legal precedents, the paper emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder strategy. This includes strengthening legal mechanisms, promoting education and economic empowerment, addressing cultural stigma, and fostering community-based interventions. The findings underscore that combating violence against women and children requires not only robust legal and institutional measures but also a shift in societal attitudes that normalize abuse. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations aimed at policymakers, civil society, and international organizations to create safer, more impartial environments where women and children can thrive.

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