Abstract

Marine pollution and depletion of marine resources are two major environmental challenges that threaten the health and sustainability of the ocean and its ecosystems. Marine pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances or energy into the marine environment by human activities, such as plastics, chemicals, nutrients, sediments, noise, and heat. Marine resource depletion refers to the overexploitation or degradation of living and non-living marine resources, such as fish, coral reefs, minerals, oil, and gas. These two issues are interrelated and have negative impacts on marine biodiversity, productivity, ecosystem services, human health, and socio-economic development. This Paper aims to critically analyze the causes, consequences, and solutions of marine pollution and depletion of marine resources from a multidisciplinary perspective. Firstly, this Paper Discusses about the marine pollution and depletion of marine resources, and explains why they are important and relevant issues to study. Secondly, this Paper provides a critical analysis of the causes and consequences of marine pollution and depletion of marine resources. Thirdly, this Paper evaluates the effectiveness and challenges of existing policies and measures to address marine pollution and depletion of marine resources. Fourthly, about the Marine ecosystem services like aquaculture, cultural identity, fishing, shoreline protection, and Tourism and subsistence harvest. Fifthly, this Paper discusses about blue economy in the Indian Ocean, sustainable management of marine resources. Lastly, this paper Concludes by summarizing the main findings and implications of the paper. It emphasizes that marine pollution and depletion of marine resources are serious and urgent problems that require a holistic and collaborative effort from all stakeholders. This Paper provides some recommendations and directions for future research and action on these issues.

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