Abstract

Scientific advancement greatly impacted forensic science. These advancements have led to the establishment of forensic laboratories, which use standardized methods and utilize scientific approaches to considerations in determinations made in criminal cases. The advances of forensic fingerprinting, toxicology, forensic ballistics, entomology, forensic anthropology, and DNA analysis mean the field has undergone significant revolutions; however, cross-border criminal investigations face obstacles and challenges such as differences in law and processes between jurisdictions, language barriers, and cultural impediments. Forensic collaboration on cases such as the murder of Yara Gambira Sio in Italy and the 26/11 Mumbai attack in India shows the importance of working together internationally through case studies. continued practice requires standardized forensic protocols, training capacity building, ethical implications, data sharing agreements, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organizations are important to the development of forensic ability worldwide. While predictive policing has much promise, it has many ethical and legal concerns. The importance of harmonized forensic processes globally is to help with a range of international investigations and as an entire justice system. This paper discusses the impact of scientific progress on forensic science, region-specific challenges, and case studies on cross-border criminal investigations, implications of advancements for future practice, the role of NGOs and intergovernmental organizations in training and capacity building, predictive policing and international implications, and a place for a global forensic framework.

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